Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Clinical Hub

ICD-10: C64

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents approximately 90% of kidney cancers, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) being the predominant histology (75%). The therapeutic landscape has been revolutionized by IO + TKI combination regimens (pembrolizumab + axitinib, nivolumab + cabozantinib, lenvatinib + pembrolizumab) and IO + IO combinations (nivolumab + ipilimumab for intermediate/poor-risk), which have supplanted monotherapy VEGFR TKIs as first-line standard of care. Belzutifan, an HIF-2α inhibitor, is approved for VHL disease-associated RCC and relapsed ccRCC after PD-1 and VEGFR inhibition.